Pakistan's constitution

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Pakistan's
constitution is the supreme law of the country, providing the framework for the organization of the government, the rights of its citizens, and the principles of governance. It was adopted on March 23, 1956, and has undergone several amendments since then.



The constitution of Pakistan declares Pakistan as an Islamic Republic, with Islam as the state religion. It also guarantees fundamental rights to all citizens, including the right to equality before the law, freedom of speech and expression, and freedom of religion. The constitution also provides for a federal system of government, with power divided between the federal government and the four provincial governments.


The president is the head of state, while the prime minister is the head of government. The parliament of Pakistan consists of two houses: the National Assembly, which is the lower house, and the Senate, which is the upper house. Members of the National Assembly are elected by popular vote, while members of the Senate are elected by the provincial assemblies.


The judiciary of Pakistan is independent and comprises the Supreme Court, high courts, and lower courts. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the country, with the power to interpret the constitution and hear appeals from lower courts. The chief justice of Pakistan heads the Supreme Court and is appointed by the president in consultation with the prime minister.


The constitution of Pakistan has undergone several amendments since its adoption. In 1958, the first military coup took place in Pakistan, and the constitution was suspended. In 1962, a new constitution was adopted, which gave extensive powers to the president and restricted the powers of the parliament. In 1973, a new constitution was adopted, which restored parliamentary democracy and provided for a federal system of government.


Since then, the constitution has undergone several amendments, including the insertion of the Eighth Amendment in 1985, which gave the president the power to dismiss the prime minister and dissolve the parliament. This amendment was later repealed in 1997.


The constitution of Pakistan has been a source of controversy and debate in the country's history, with various political parties and groups calling for amendments or the adoption of a new constitution altogether. Despite these challenges, the constitution remains the supreme law of the country and continues to provide the framework for the organization of the government and the protection of the rights of its citizens.


 (Pervez esabzai)

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